Calcule pies de superficie por minuto (SFM), RPM o velocidad de corte para operaciones de torneado y fresado de tornos. Introduzca dos valores cualesquiera: obtenga el tercero al instante.
Para operaciones de torneado, fresado y perforación. Imperial (SFM) o métrico (m/min).
Busque calificaciones equivalentes en Sandvik, Kennametal, Kyocera, Iscar, Mitsubishi y más.
Cross-reference toolExamine todas las calculadoras y herramientas de referencia de mecanizado CNC.
Tool hubUna vez que conozca su SFM, calcule las RPM óptimas, la velocidad de avance y la carga de viruta para cualquier material.
Recommended next stepVerifique la alimentación por diente con las recomendaciones específicas del material para evitar el fallo de la herramienta.
Companion toolA medical device manufacturer was turning 17-4 PH stainless steel on a CNC lathe with a carbide insert. They were running at 1,200 RPM with a 12mm diameter workpiece — giving a surface speed of approximately 45 m/min. Inserts were failing after 80 parts, with edge chipping and built-up edge formation. Using this calculator, they determined the correct surface speed should be 120 m/min for that material. By adjusting RPM to 3,200 (and verifying with our Calculadora de velocidad y avance), tool life increased to over 350 parts per edge — a 4× improvement. The annual savings on insert costs alone exceeded $12,000.
Surface speed — measured in SFM (Surface Feet per Minute, imperial) or Vc (meters per minute, metric) — is the linear velocity at which the cutting edge passes through the material. It is the single most important parameter in machining because it directly determines cutting temperature, tool wear rate, and surface integrity.
Imperial (SFM): SFM = (π × D × RPM) ÷ 12
Metric (Vc): Vc (m/min) = (π × D × RPM) ÷ 1000
Velocidades de superficie recomendadas para herramientas de carburo
Material
| Torneado (SFM) | Fresado (SFM) | Perforación (SFM) | Aluminio 6061 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acero inoxidable 304 | 800-1,500 | 800-1,200 | 400-600 |
| Titanio Grado 5 | 400-600 | 250-400 | 150-250 |
| Acero endurecido (45-55 HRC) | 200-350 | 150-250 | 80-150 |
| Acero suave 1018 | 250-400 | 150-250 | 80-120 |
| Inconel 718 | 600-900 | 400-700 | 250-400 |
| Hierro fundido (gris) | 100-200 | 80-150 | 40-80 |
| Por qué la carga del chip afecta la velocidad de superficie óptima | 500-800 | 400-700 | 200-350 |
The relationship between SFM and Rugosidad de la superficie is often misunderstood. At higher surface speeds, the chip load per tooth must be maintained within the recommended range — otherwise the tool rubs instead of shearing, generating excessive heat regardless of SFM. This is why a proper speeds-and-feeds calculation requires both surface speed AND chip load optimization. Use the Calculadora de carga por diente after setting your SFM to verify the feed per tooth is adequate.
Diámetro pequeño (molino de extremo de 6mm):800 SFM → ~ 12.000 RPM
Señales de que su velocidad de superficie es incorrecta
Too fast: Rapid flank wear, plastic deformation of the cutting edge, built-up edge, chatter, discolored chips (blue/purple), poor surface finish.
Too slow: BUE formation, high cutting forces, poor chip control, chatter, smearing on the workpiece surface, reduced productivity.
When in doubt, consult the Calculadora de velocidad y avance which incorporates material-specific SFM ranges for carbide end mills.
What is SFM in machining? SFM (Surface Feet per Minute) is the linear speed at which a cutting tool edge travels through the workpiece material. It determines cutting temperature, tool life, and surface finish.
How do I calculate SFM from RPM? Multiply π by the diameter in inches and RPM, then divide by 12: SFM = (π × D × RPM) ÷ 12. Use this calculator for instant results.
What SFM should I use for carbide end mills in stainless steel? For stainless 304, use 250-400 SFM for roughing, 300-500 SFM for finishing. Lower end for heavier cuts, higher end for finishing passes.
The difference between SFM and RPM? SFM is cutting speed through material (process parameter). RPM is spindle rotation speed (machine parameter). RPM = (SFM × 12) ÷ (π × D).
Does workpiece hardness affect surface speed? Yes — harder materials require lower SFM. As a rule of thumb, reduce SFM by 20% for every 10 HRC increase above 35 HRC. Higher hardness also increases cutting forces, which must be accounted for in the Costo por pieza.
Should I use coolant or dry at high SFM? At high SFM (above 600 SFM in steel), coolant is essential to manage thermal shock. With carbide tools, intermittent coolant application can cause micro-cracking. Use consistent flood or through-spindle coolant when running above 500 SFM.